Foundations of Web Development cover

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Foundations of Web Development cover

Foundations of Web Development

Scott Frees, Ph.D.

This book is a foundational guide to modern web development - from protocols to front-end interactivity, grounded in real-world architecture and time-tested pedagogy.

Not limited to HTML, CSS, and JavaScript, it's a comprehensive guide to the concepts of web development, and how those concepts span across frameworks, languages, and layers of modern full stack applications.

You’ll cover:

  • Networks & Protocols – Learn what really happens when you click a link, from TCP handshakes to HTTP requests.
  • Markup & Hypertext – Go beyond tags and learn how HTML works as the structural backbone of the web.
  • JavaScript (Server & Client – Explore the language in a way that emphasizes conceptual understanding over syntax memorization.
  • Asynchronous Programming – Master callbacks, promises, and async/await as you build responsive, concurrent systems.
  • Databases & State – Learn how modern web apps manage persistent state with relational databases and sessions.
  • Templating & Frameworks – Understand how server-side rendering works from first principles, then leverage Pug and Express.
  • Styling & Layout – Dive deep into CSS, including Flexbox, Grid, and responsive design, before layering in frameworks like Bootstrap.
  • Client-side Development – Manipulate the DOM, handle events, make AJAX requests, and build interactive SPAs with Vue.js.
  • Security, Deployment & Infrastructure – Round out your knowledge with practical insight into authentication, encryption, and modern DevOps topics.

Written for college students, instructors, and professional developers alike, Foundations of Web Development takes a pedagogically sound, hands-on approach to learning how the web actually works, from the ground up. You’ll begin with the fundamentals: internet protocols, TCP/IP, sockets, and HTTP. From there, you’ll build up a working knowledge of web standards like HTML and CSS, and then dive into backend programming using JavaScript in the Node.js runtime - not because it's the only option, but because it minimizes language overhead and maximizes focus on the architecture and ideas that matter.

You won’t learn just one way to build a web app. You’ll build your own framework before adopting industry-standard tools like Express, gaining insight into routing, middleware, templating, databases, and state management. You’ll incrementally evolve a single example - a number guessing game - through nine iterations, each showcasing a deeper or more advanced feature, from form handling to RESTful APIs to reactive front ends built with Vue.js.

Scott Frees

About the Author

Scott Frees is a Professor of Computer Science at Ramapo College of New Jersey, where he’s taught since 2006. He directs the college’s Master’s programs in Computer Science, Applied Mathematics, and Data Science, and chairs the Computer Science and Cybersecurity departments.

He has a PhD in Computer Science from Lehigh University and also brings real-world experience as a longtime freelance developer and consultant. He’s built web platforms across domains like industrial design, genomics, computer vision, security and finance. In 2007, he created Ramapo’s Web Development course, which has evolved alongside the web itself - from which this course is based..

Some more of my work...

Ramapo College of New Jersey

Professor of Computer Science, Chair of Computer Science and Cybersecurity, Director of MS in Computer Science, Data Science, Applied Mathematics

Frees Consulting and Development LLC

My consultancy - Turning ideas into real working solutions and product: building MVPs, modernizing legacy systems and integrating AI and automation into your workflows.

Node.js C++ Integration

My work on Node.js and C++ Integration, a blog and e-book. Native addons, asynchronous processing, high performance cross-platform deployment.

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